A new role for interleukin-10 in immune regulation.

1 Kinjo Y, Kronenberg M. Valpha14i NKT cells are innate lymphocytes that participate in the immune response to diverse microbes. J Clin Immunol 2005; 25: 522–533. 2 Eberl M, Hintz M, Reichenberg A, Kollas AK, Wiesner J, Jomaa H. Microbial isoprenoid biosynthesis and human gammadelta T cell activation. FEBS Lett 2003; 544: 4–10. 3 Le Bourhis L, Martin E, Peguillet I, Guihot A, Froux N, Coré M et al. Antimicrobial activity of mucosal-associated invariant T cells. Nat Immunol 2010; 11: 701–708. 4 Gold MC, Cerri S, Smyk-Pearson S, Cansler ME, Vogt TM, Delepine J et al. Human mucosal associated invariant T cells detect bacterially infected cells. PLoS Biol 2010; 8: e1000407. 5 Hashimoto K, Hirai M, Kurosawa Y. A gene outside the human MHC related to classical HLA class I genes. Science 1995; 269: 693–695. 6 Treiner E, Duban L, Bahram S, Radosavljevic M, Wanner V, Tilloy F et al. Selection of evolutionarily conserved mucosal-associated invariant T cells by MR1. Nature 2003; 422: 164–169. 7 Tilloy F, Treiner E, Park SH, Garcia C, Lemonnier F, de la Salle H et al. An invariant T cell receptor alpha chain defines a novel TAP-independent major histocompatibility complex class Ib-restricted alpha/beta T cell subpopulation in mammals. J Exp Med 1999; 189: 1907–1921. 8 Kawachi I, Maldonado J, Strader C, Gilfillan S. MR1restricted V alpha 19i mucosal-associated invariant T cells are innate T cells in the gut lamina propria that provide a rapid and diverse cytokine response. J Immunol 2006; 176: 1618–1627. 9 Croxford JL, Miyake S, Huang YY, Shimamura M, Yamamura T. Invariant V(alpha)19i T cells regulate autoimmune inflammation. Nat Immunol 2006; 7: 987–994. 10 Martin E, Treiner E, Duban L, Guerri L, Laude H, Toly C et al. Stepwise development of MAIT cells in mouse and human. PLoS Biol 2009; 7: e54. 11 Huang S, Martin E, Kim S, Yu L, Soudais C, Fremont DH et al. MR1 antigen presentation to mucosalassociated invariant T cells was highly conserved in evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009; 106: 8290–8295. 12 Huang S, Gilfillan S, Cella M, Miley MJ, Lantz O, Lybarger L et al. Evidence for MR1 antigen presentation to mucosal-associated invariant T cells. J Biol Chem 2005; 280: 21183–21193. 13 Huang S, Gilfillan S, Kim S, Thompson B, Wang X, Sant AJ et al. MR1 uses an endocytic pathway to activate mucosal-associated invariant T cells. J Exp Med 2008; 205: 1201–1211. 14 Mattner J, Debord KL, Ismail N, Goff RD, Cantu III C, Zhou D et al. Exogenous and endogenous glycolipid antigens activate NKT cells during microbial infections. Nature 2005; 434: 525–529.